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Resistor color codes use colored bands to indicate resistance. Each color represents a digit (0–9). The third band is a multiplier and the fourth is tolerance. Formula: R = (d1×10 + d2) × 10^multiplier.
Review the inputs carefully and treat the output as an estimate. For decisions involving money, taxes, health, law, or security, compare the result with trusted professional guidance when needed.
How do I read a 4-band resistor?
Hold the resistor with the tolerance band (usually gold or silver) on the right. Read left-to-right: digit, digit, multiplier, tolerance.
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